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全文字数：1826字
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小贴士：
本期是大家呼唤已久的政治经济类相关话题～
——大橙子
上期翻译答案
None of the 24 startups （that Silicon Valley Bank, a lender to techie companies, expected to go public this year）has madethe jump.
为科技公司提供贷款的硅谷银行预计的将在今年上市的24家初创公司中，没有一家实现股价跳升。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
From 1932 through the late 1970s, the government mainly regulated businesses. This was the era of the alphabet soup of regulatory agencies begun under Franklin D Roosevelt (the SEC, ICC, FCC, CAB, and so on)culminatingin the EPA of 1970. The government still regulates businesses, of course, but the biggest thing the federal government now does with businesses is subsidize them.
从1932年到20世纪70年代末，政府对企业主要采取监管措施。这是一个监管机构“字母缩写大杂烩”的时代，这个时代始于富兰克林·D·罗斯福时期（诞生了证监会美国证券交易委员会、国际商会、美国联邦通讯委员会、美国民用航空局等等)，并在1970年达到顶峰。当然，政府仍然在监管企业，但联邦政府现在对企业做的最大的事情是补贴它们。
This shift from regulation to subsidy has characterized every recent administration. Trump’s OperationWarpSpeed delivered $10bn of subsidies to Covid vaccine manufacturers. Obama’s Affordable Care Act subsidized the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries (indirectly, through massive subsidies to the buyers of healthcare and pharmaceuticals).
这种从监管到补贴的转变是最近几年每届政府的特点。特朗普的“曲速行动”向新冠疫苗制造商提供了100亿美元补贴。奥巴马的《平价医疗法案》通过对医护和药物的购买者提供大量补贴的方式间接地补贴了医疗保健和制药行业。
And Obama spent about $489bnbailing outthe financial industry (and, notably, never fully restored financial regulations that previous administrations hadrepealed), as well as GM and Chrysler. Before the 1980s, the US would have done all this differently. Instead of subsidizing broadband, semiconductors, energy companies, vaccine manufacturers, health care and pharmaceutical businesses, and the financial sector, we would have regulated them – requiring them to act in various ways.
奥巴马花费了约4890亿美元力保金融业，以及通用汽车和克莱斯勒（值得注意的是，奥巴马从未完全恢复前几届政府废除的金融监管规定)。在上世纪80年代之前，美国会采取完全不同的做法。美国不会补贴宽带、半导体、能源公司、疫苗制造商、医疗保健和制药企业以及金融部门，而是会对它们实施监管——要求各部门按规定运营。
If this regulatory alternative seems far-fetched today, that’s because of how far we’ve come from the regulatory state of the 1930s to the 1970s, to the subsidy state beginning in the 1980s. Why the big shift? Because of the change in the balance of power between large corporations and the government. Today it’s politically difficult, if not impossible, for government to demand that corporations (and their shareholders)bearthe costs of public goods. Government must bribe them instead.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~为什么会发生这么大的转变?因为大公司和政府之间的力量平衡关系发生了变化。如今，政府要求企业（及其股东）承担公共产品的成本，就算并非完全不可能，从政治角度上讲也是很困难的。因此政府反过来必须贿赂企业。
Today’s subsidies are far larger, and even supported by Republicans. Republican senator John Cornyn, arguing for the Chips Act, said, “What we are doing is industrial policy unlike people of my free-market background have done before.” In truth, the three decades-long shift in power to big corporations has transformed industrial policy into a system for bribing them to do the sorts of things government once demanded they do as the price for being part of the American system.
如今的补贴要大得多，甚至得到了共和党人的支持。支持《芯片法案》的共和党参议员约翰·科宁说:“我们正在做的产业政策，不像我这种自由市场背景的人以前的做法。”事实上，三十年来的权力向大公司的转移，已经把产业政策变成了一种贿赂它们做政府曾经要求它们做的事情的体系，而这些事情是它们身为美国体系的一部分应当付出的代价。
本文节选自：The Guardian（卫报）
发布时间：2022.08.21
作者：Robert Reich
原文标题：America used to regulate business. Now government subsidises it
词汇积累
1. culminate
/ˈkʌlmɪˌneɪt/
v. (以……)结束，告终; 到达顶点，达到高潮
2.warp
/wɔːp/
v. (使)扭曲，(使)变形; 使反常，使有偏见; 用绞船索牵曳(船); (纺织用语)把(纱)排列成经
n. (织布中的)经纱，经线; 扭曲; (小说中或假想的空间旅行)靠扭曲时空实现，穿越时空; (喻)(性格)乖戾
3.repeal
/rɪˈpiːl
vt.废除，废止，撤销（法律、议会法案）；放弃；否定
n.废除，撤销
4.bear
/bɛə/
v. 手持，携带; 运送; 写有，刻有; 以(姓名，头衔)相称; 作证; 担负(责任); 经得起; 承受，容忍; (树，植物)结(果实)
n. 熊
词组搭配
1.bail out 跳伞；保释；退出；帮助……摆脱困境
写作句总结
This shift from regulation to subsidy has characterized every recent administration.
结构: This shift from … to … has characterized every recent administration.
这种从…到…的转变是近几年每届政府的特点
例句: This shift from policy to action has characterized every recent administration.
打卡作业
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